AVR Lesson: Setup

The first step is to get set up with all the necessary hardware and software to start making your controllers do your bidding.

Programmer

A programmer needn't be super-fancy. In fact, you can get by with five wires soldered to a parallel port plug if you'd like. This Instructable steps through making a parallel port programmer. I'll probably make up a cable or two and bring it in to the space if you'd just like to try it out. Note that if you've got a breadboard, you can skip the step of making a programming cradle and just plug the wires into the correct pins on the AVR.

If you're getting a little more serious, spend $22 and get a USB-based programmer from ladyada or make your own usbtiny SPI programmer for maybe $10-15ish. If you're making your own, you'll need to flash an AVR with the supplied firmware, but you can do that with a parallel port programmer or just ask one of us to hook you up.

This part may seem daunting -- it's not. Dive in or get someone to help you. The Ladyada kit is a good first/second soldering project.

Software

The standard toolchain consists of a GCC-based C cross-compiler, the AVR-libc libraries, and the software to run your programmer: avrdude. Feel free to write the C or assembler code using whatever editor you like best.

For Windows, it's all put together nicely with WinAVR. Download and install. If you're using a parallel port programmer, you'll need to also run the included giveio.bat file to get yourself permissions.

For Linux, it's not that hard either. I'm most familiar with Ubuntu these days. As of 2008/04, "sudo apt-get install avrdude avr-libc binutils-avr gcc-avr" will set you up. Or fetch tarballs and compile it yourself. (I'll incluce versions here in a few.)

For Mac, I don't have a Mac. Is any of this from Ladyada's site useful?

MAC:
Wanted to note something quick about my MAC experience so far (Q): I haven't really read the link to ada's site about programming AVR for MAC but 'AVRMacPack' is really cool! In OSX it's a simple .pkg file to install and drop into /Applications - then as long as you've installed XCode (that comes with macbook in the 2nd CD 'Developer Tools' section) they have this great little script in there called 'avr-project'. When you run this little badass piece of code it creates a DIR for your project called /FIRMWARE and three things:

    An .xcodeproj file - this is a template (with skeleton code) for writing your program in Xcode

    Makefile template which ROCKS - all you have to do after is change the DEVICE you're
 using along with PROGRAMMER and FUSES. (Will LINK my file here for reference - email Q if i forget)

    main.c file that is just a stupid simple C template to get you started

In addition to the compiler and programming software, it's nice to have an AVR Makefile that automates the cross-compilation build process. Comment in/out the first few defines to match your environment.

Chips

So you're set to program, but you need a couple chips. This page at AVRFreaks has some of the specs and all the datasheets in one place, but it's a bit overwhelming.

A shortlist of the coolest chips includes:

Tiny13 -- Smallest and cheapest. 8 pins, 5 of them useful. 1k program memory. Goes everywhere. Cheaper and more versatile than a 555 IC. Some hardware SPI/I2C support, but it's a pain to write for.

Tiny45 -- Another 8-pin, but with a high-speed PWM clock and 4k of program memory. ~$0.75 from Digikey. Can be made to run at 16MHz+ using its internal oscillator, making firmware USB a reality. Some hardware SPI/I2C support like the Tiny13.

Tiny2313 -- 20 pins. It's the cheapest/smallest unit with > 5 usable pins. Hardware USART makes serial communication (e.g. with your computer) reasonably simple, which can be sweet for debugging or datalogging.

Mega 48 -- 28 pins. All of the bells and whistles, with 4k program memory. 6 ADC channels, buncha timers, SPI/I2C/USART communications. They'll do what you want.

Mega 88, 168 and beyond -- You're writing micro-controller code that requires 16k?!?! Time to learn assembler, parallel out your tasks to a couple chips, or step up to something like an ARM platform, IMO.

Maybe we could do a few group purchases to get up to Digikey's price-break minimums. Interested? E-mail Elliot.

And while you're at the AVRFreaks page, download both the long and short datasheets for whichever chips you end up buying. The short one has a nice pinout diagram on page two, while the long one explains everything you'll ever need to know.

Misc. Extras

You're at least going to need some LED's to go blink. Pushbuttons are nice for playing around with inputs. Photocells give your creations sight. Motors and motor drivers give you legs. I'm sure there's more than enough scrounge around the space to get everyone started.

This Instructable details my current setup, and is a good start.